Este no es un post, de hecho el documento que se pone a continuación no es creado por mí sino por los creadores de gin-gonic. No necesariamente es para usted, pero puede serle de utilidad.
La documentación oficial se encuentra en https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/docs/doc.md. Fecha de subida 19/06/2023
Esta documentación no será traducida y Por el momento no se hará ningún tutorial a partir de ella
Esta documentación solo está aquí por el hecho que se me complico obtenerla:
func main() {
// Creates a gin router with default middleware:
// logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/someGet", getting)
router.POST("/somePost", posting)
router.PUT("/somePut", putting)
router.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting)
router.PATCH("/somePatch", patching)
router.HEAD("/someHead", head)
router.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options)
// By default it serves on :8080 unless a
// PORT environment variable was defined.
router.Run()
// router.Run(":3000") for a hard coded port
}
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// This handler will match /user/john but will not match /user/ or /user
router.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
name := c.Param("name")
c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s", name)
})
// However, this one will match /user/john/ and also /user/john/send
// If no other routers match /user/john, it will redirect to /user/john/
router.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
name := c.Param("name")
action := c.Param("action")
message := name + " is " + action
c.String(http.StatusOK, message)
})
// For each matched request Context will hold the route definition
router.POST("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
b := c.FullPath() == "/user/:name/*action" // true
c.String(http.StatusOK, "%t", b)
})
// This handler will add a new router for /user/groups.
// Exact routes are resolved before param routes, regardless of the order they were defined.
// Routes starting with /user/groups are never interpreted as /user/:name/... routes
router.GET("/user/groups", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(http.StatusOK, "The available groups are [...]")
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
The filename is always optional and must not be used blindly by the application: path information should be stripped, and conversion to the server file system rules should be done.
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// Set a lower memory limit for multipart forms (default is 32 MiB)
router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20 // 8 MiB
router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
// Single file
file, _ := c.FormFile("file")
log.Println(file.Filename)
// Upload the file to specific dst.
c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("'%s' uploaded!", file.Filename))
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
func main() {
// Creates a router without any middleware by default
r := gin.New()
// Global middleware
// Logger middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter even if you set with GIN_MODE=release.
// By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
r.Use(gin.Logger())
// Recovery middleware recovers from any panics and writes a 500 if there was one.
r.Use(gin.Recovery())
// Per route middleware, you can add as many as you desire.
r.GET("/benchmark", MyBenchLogger(), benchEndpoint)
// Authorization group
// authorized := r.Group("/", AuthRequired())
// exactly the same as:
authorized := r.Group("/")
// per group middleware! in this case we use the custom created
// AuthRequired() middleware just in the "authorized" group.
authorized.Use(AuthRequired())
{
authorized.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
authorized.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
authorized.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
// nested group
testing := authorized.Group("testing")
// visit 0.0.0.0:8080/testing/analytics
testing.GET("/analytics", analyticsEndpoint)
}
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
func main() {
// Disable Console Color, you don't need console color when writing the logs to file.
gin.DisableConsoleColor()
// Logging to a file.
f, _ := os.Create("gin.log")
gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f)
// Use the following code if you need to write the logs to file and console at the same time.
// gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f, os.Stdout)
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
To bind a request body into a type, use model binding. We currently support binding of JSON, XML, YAML, TOML and standard form values (foo=bar&boo=baz).
Behavior – These methods use MustBindWith under the hood. If there is a binding error, the request is aborted with c.AbortWithError(400, err).SetType(ErrorTypeBind). This sets the response status code to 400 and the Content-Type header is set to text/plain; charset=utf-8. Note that if you try to set the response code after this, it will result in a warning [GIN-debug] [WARNING] Headers were already written. Wanted to override status code 400 with 422. If you wish to have greater control over the behavior, consider using the ShouldBind equivalent method.
Behavior – These methods use ShouldBindWith under the hood. If there is a binding error, the error is returned and it is the developer’s responsibility to handle the request and error appropriately.
When using the Bind-method, Gin tries to infer the binder depending on the Content-Type header. If you are sure what you are binding, you can use MustBindWith or ShouldBindWith.
You can also specify that specific fields are required. If a field is decorated with binding:"required" and has an empty value when binding, an error will be returned.
// Binding from JSON
type Login struct {
User string `form:"user" json:"user" xml:"user" binding:"required"`
Password string `form:"password" json:"password" xml:"password" binding:"required"`
}
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// Example for binding JSON ({"user": "manu", "password": "123"})
router.POST("/loginJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
var json Login
if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&json); err != nil {
c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
return
}
if json.User != "manu" || json.Password != "123" {
c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
return
}
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
})
// Example for binding XML (
// <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
// <root>
// <user>manu</user>
// <password>123</password>
// </root>)
router.POST("/loginXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
var xml Login
if err := c.ShouldBindXML(&xml); err != nil {
c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
return
}
if xml.User != "manu" || xml.Password != "123" {
c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
return
}
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
})
// Example for binding a HTML form (user=manu&password=123)
router.POST("/loginForm", func(c *gin.Context) {
var form Login
// This will infer what binder to use depending on the content-type header.
if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil {
c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
return
}
if form.User != "manu" || form.Password != "123" {
c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
return
}
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
router.Run(":8080")
}
Sample request
CURL (this curl code is being applied in terminal)
$ curl -v -X POST \
http://localhost:8080/loginJSON \
-H 'content-type: application/json' \
-d '{ "user": "manu" }'
> POST /loginJSON HTTP/1.1
> Host: localhost:8080
> User-Agent: curl/7.51.0
> Accept: */*
> content-type: application/json
> Content-Length: 18
>
* upload completely sent off: 18 out of 18 bytes
< HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
< Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
< Date: Fri, 04 Aug 2017 03:51:31 GMT
< Content-Length: 100
<
{"error":"Key: 'Login.Password' Error:Field validation for 'Password' failed on the 'required' tag"}
Skip validate: when running the above example using the above the curl command, it returns error. Because the example use binding:"required" for Password. If use binding:"-" for Password, then it will not return error when running the above example again.
It is also possible to register custom validators. See the example code.
package main
import (
"net/http"
"time"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
"github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
)
// Booking contains binded and validated data.
type Booking struct {
CheckIn time.Time `form:"check_in" binding:"required,bookabledate" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
CheckOut time.Time `form:"check_out" binding:"required,gtfield=CheckIn" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
}
var bookableDate validator.Func = func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
date, ok := fl.Field().Interface().(time.Time)
if ok {
today := time.Now()
if today.After(date) {
return false
}
}
return true
}
func main() {
route := gin.Default()
if v, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate); ok {
v.RegisterValidation("bookabledate", bookableDate)
}
route.GET("/bookable", getBookable)
route.Run(":8085")
}
func getBookable(c *gin.Context) {
var b Booking
if err := c.ShouldBindWith(&b, binding.Query); err == nil {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Booking dates are valid!"})
} else {
c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
}
}
$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2030-04-16&check_out=2030-04-17"
{"message":"Booking dates are valid!"}
$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2030-03-10&check_out=2030-03-09"
{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckOut' Error:Field validation for 'CheckOut' failed on the 'gtfield' tag"}
$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2000-03-09&check_out=2000-03-10"
{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckIn' Error:Field validation for 'CheckIn' failed on the 'bookabledate' tag"}%
package main
import (
"log"
"net/http"
"time"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
type Person struct {
Name string `form:"name"`
Address string `form:"address"`
Birthday time.Time `form:"birthday" time_format:"2006-01-02" time_utc:"1"`
CreateTime time.Time `form:"createTime" time_format:"unixNano"`
UnixTime time.Time `form:"unixTime" time_format:"unix"`
}
func main() {
route := gin.Default()
route.GET("/testing", startPage)
route.Run(":8085")
}
func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
var person Person
// If `GET`, only `Form` binding engine (`query`) used.
// If `POST`, first checks the `content-type` for `JSON` or `XML`, then uses `Form` (`form-data`).
// See more at https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/binding/binding.go#L88
if c.ShouldBind(&person) == nil {
log.Println(person.Name)
log.Println(person.Address)
log.Println(person.Birthday)
log.Println(person.CreateTime)
log.Println(person.UnixTime)
}
c.String(http.StatusOK, "Success")
}
Test it with:
curl -X GET "localhost:8085/testing?name=appleboy&address=xyz&birthday=1992-03-15&createTime=1562400033000000123&unixTime=1562400033"
type ProfileForm struct {
Name string `form:"name" binding:"required"`
Avatar *multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"`
// or for multiple files
// Avatars []*multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"`
}
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.POST("/profile", func(c *gin.Context) {
// you can bind multipart form with explicit binding declaration:
// c.ShouldBindWith(&form, binding.Form)
// or you can simply use autobinding with ShouldBind method:
var form ProfileForm
// in this case proper binding will be automatically selected
if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil {
c.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "bad request")
return
}
err := c.SaveUploadedFile(form.Avatar, form.Avatar.Filename)
if err != nil {
c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "unknown error")
return
}
// db.Save(&form)
c.String(http.StatusOK, "ok")
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
Test it with:
CURL
curl -X POST -v --form name=user --form "avatar=@./avatar.png" http://localhost:8080/profile
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
// gin.H is a shortcut for map[string]any
r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
})
r.GET("/moreJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
// You also can use a struct
var msg struct {
Name string `json:"user"`
Message string
Number int
}
msg.Name = "Lena"
msg.Message = "hey"
msg.Number = 123
// Note that msg.Name becomes "user" in the JSON
// Will output : {"user": "Lena", "Message": "hey", "Number": 123}
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, msg)
})
r.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.XML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
})
r.GET("/someYAML", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.YAML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
})
r.GET("/someTOML", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.TOML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
})
r.GET("/someProtoBuf", func(c *gin.Context) {
reps := []int64{int64(1), int64(2)}
label := "test"
// The specific definition of protobuf is written in the testdata/protoexample file.
data := &protoexample.Test{
Label: &label,
Reps: reps,
}
// Note that data becomes binary data in the response
// Will output protoexample.Test protobuf serialized data
c.ProtoBuf(http.StatusOK, data)
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
Using SecureJSON to prevent json hijacking. Default prepends "while(1)," to response body if the given struct is array values.
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
// You can also use your own secure json prefix
// r.SecureJsonPrefix(")]}',\n")
r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
names := []string{"lena", "austin", "foo"}
// Will output : while(1);["lena","austin","foo"]
c.SecureJSON(http.StatusOK, names)
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
Normally, JSON replaces special HTML characters with their unicode entities, e.g. < becomes \u003c. If you want to encode such characters literally, you can use PureJSON instead. This feature is unavailable in Go 1.6 and lower.
func Logger() gin.HandlerFunc {
return func(c *gin.Context) {
t := time.Now()
// Set example variable
c.Set("example", "12345")
// before request
c.Next()
// after request
latency := time.Since(t)
log.Print(latency)
// access the status we are sending
status := c.Writer.Status()
log.Println(status)
}
}
func main() {
r := gin.New()
r.Use(Logger())
r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
example := c.MustGet("example").(string)
// it would print: "12345"
log.Println(example)
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
// simulate some private data
var secrets = gin.H{
"foo": gin.H{"email": "foo@bar.com", "phone": "123433"},
"austin": gin.H{"email": "austin@example.com", "phone": "666"},
"lena": gin.H{"email": "lena@guapa.com", "phone": "523443"},
}
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
// Group using gin.BasicAuth() middleware
// gin.Accounts is a shortcut for map[string]string
authorized := r.Group("/admin", gin.BasicAuth(gin.Accounts{
"foo": "bar",
"austin": "1234",
"lena": "hello2",
"manu": "4321",
}))
// /admin/secrets endpoint
// hit "localhost:8080/admin/secrets
authorized.GET("/secrets", func(c *gin.Context) {
// get user, it was set by the BasicAuth middleware
user := c.MustGet(gin.AuthUserKey).(string)
if secret, ok := secrets[user]; ok {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": secret})
} else {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": "NO SECRET :("})
}
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
When starting new Goroutines inside a middleware or handler, you SHOULD NOT use the original context inside it, you have to use a read-only copy.
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/long_async", func(c *gin.Context) {
// create copy to be used inside the goroutine
cCp := c.Copy()
go func() {
// simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
// note that you are using the copied context "cCp", IMPORTANT
log.Println("Done! in path " + cCp.Request.URL.Path)
}()
})
r.GET("/long_sync", func(c *gin.Context) {
// simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
// since we are NOT using a goroutine, we do not have to copy the context
log.Println("Done! in path " + c.Request.URL.Path)
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
There are a few approaches you can use to perform a graceful shutdown or restart. You can make use of third-party packages specifically built for that, or you can manually do the same with the functions and methods from the built-in packages.
In case you are using Go 1.8 or a later version, you may not need to use those libraries. Consider using http.Server‘s built-in Shutdown() method for graceful shutdowns. The example below describes its usage, and we’ve got more examples using gin here.
// +build go1.8
package main
import (
"context"
"log"
"net/http"
"os"
"os/signal"
"syscall"
"time"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
c.String(http.StatusOK, "Welcome Gin Server")
})
srv := &http.Server{
Addr: ":8080",
Handler: router,
}
// Initializing the server in a goroutine so that
// it won't block the graceful shutdown handling below
go func() {
if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
log.Printf("listen: %s\n", err)
}
}()
// Wait for interrupt signal to gracefully shutdown the server with
// a timeout of 5 seconds.
quit := make(chan os.Signal)
// kill (no param) default send syscall.SIGTERM
// kill -2 is syscall.SIGINT
// kill -9 is syscall.SIGKILL but can't be caught, so don't need to add it
signal.Notify(quit, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
<-quit
log.Println("Shutting down server...")
// The context is used to inform the server it has 5 seconds to finish
// the request it is currently handling
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
defer cancel()
if err := srv.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
log.Fatal("Server forced to shutdown:", err)
}
log.Println("Server exiting")
}
The normal methods for binding request body consumes c.Request.Body and they cannot be called multiple times.
type formA struct {
Foo string `json:"foo" xml:"foo" binding:"required"`
}
type formB struct {
Bar string `json:"bar" xml:"bar" binding:"required"`
}
func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
objA := formA{}
objB := formB{}
// This c.ShouldBind consumes c.Request.Body and it cannot be reused.
if errA := c.ShouldBind(&objA); errA == nil {
c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
// Always an error is occurred by this because c.Request.Body is EOF now.
} else if errB := c.ShouldBind(&objB); errB == nil {
c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB`)
} else {
...
}
}
For this, you can use c.ShouldBindBodyWith.
func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
objA := formA{}
objB := formB{}
// This reads c.Request.Body and stores the result into the context.
if errA := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objA, binding.Form); errA == nil {
c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
// At this time, it reuses body stored in the context.
} else if errB := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.JSON); errB == nil {
c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB JSON`)
// And it can accepts other formats
} else if errB2 := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.XML); errB2 == nil {
c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB XML`)
} else {
...
}
}
c.ShouldBindBodyWith stores body into the context before binding. This has a slight impact to performance, so you should not use this method if you are enough to call binding at once.
This feature is only needed for some formats — JSON, XML, MsgPack, ProtoBuf. For other formats, Query, Form, FormPost, FormMultipart, can be called by c.ShouldBind() multiple times without any damage to performance (See #1341).
Bind form-data request with custom struct and custom tag
[GIN-debug] POST /foo --> main.main.func1 (3 handlers)
[GIN-debug] GET /bar --> main.main.func2 (3 handlers)
[GIN-debug] GET /status --> main.main.func3 (3 handlers)
If you want to log this information in given format (e.g. JSON, key values or something else), then you can define this format with gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc. In the example below, we log all routes with standard log package but you can use another log tools that suits of your needs.
Gin lets you specify which headers to hold the real client IP (if any), as well as specifying which proxies (or direct clients) you trust to specify one of these headers.
Use function SetTrustedProxies() on your gin.Engine to specify network addresses or network CIDRs from where clients which their request headers related to client IP can be trusted. They can be IPv4 addresses, IPv4 CIDRs, IPv6 addresses or IPv6 CIDRs.
Attention: Gin trust all proxies by default if you don’t specify a trusted proxy using the function above, this is NOT safe. At the same time, if you don’t use any proxy, you can disable this feature by using Engine.SetTrustedProxies(nil), then Context.ClientIP() will return the remote address directly to avoid some unnecessary computation.
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"192.168.1.2"})
router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
// If the client is 192.168.1.2, use the X-Forwarded-For
// header to deduce the original client IP from the trust-
// worthy parts of that header.
// Otherwise, simply return the direct client IP
fmt.Printf("ClientIP: %s\n", c.ClientIP())
})
router.Run()
}
Notice: If you are using a CDN service, you can set the Engine.TrustedPlatform to skip TrustedProxies check, it has a higher priority than TrustedProxies. Look at the example below:
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// Use predefined header gin.PlatformXXX
router.TrustedPlatform = gin.PlatformGoogleAppEngine
// Or set your own trusted request header for another trusted proxy service
// Don't set it to any suspect request header, it's unsafe
router.TrustedPlatform = "X-CDN-IP"
router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
// If you set TrustedPlatform, ClientIP() will resolve the
// corresponding header and return IP directly
fmt.Printf("ClientIP: %s\n", c.ClientIP())
})
router.Run()
}
I'm working on Berserker that is package for PHP right now you can check it progress at https://packagist.org/packages/luisg/berserker and the doc at https://blastcoding.com/en/php-berserker/
