Operators in PHP

Operators are symbols or keywords used to perform operations in PHP. These are used to manipulate values and variables.

We have other operator that is called the ternary operator that will be appart of this post, you can find it here: https://blastcoding.com/en/php-ternary-operator/

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform basic mathematical operations in PHP.

Addition (+)
Subtraction (-)
Multiplication (*)
Division (/)
Modulus (%)

Operator	Name	Example	Result
+	Addition	$x + $y	Sum of $x and $y
–	Subtraction	$x – $y	Difference of $x and $y
*	Multiplication	$x * $y	Multiplication of $x and $y
/	Division	$x / $y	Division of $x by $y
%	Modulus	$x % $y	Remainder of $x divided by $y
**	Power	$x ** $y	Result of raising $x to the power of $y (Introduced in PHP 5.6)

Assignment Operators

In PHP, we have different ways to assign a value, the following is a list of operators that could be used:

Simple assignment (=)
Addition assignment (+=)
Subtraction assignment (-=)
Multiplication assignment (*=)
Division assignment (/=)
Modulus assignment (%=)

Assignment	Another way to write it	Description
x = y	x = y	The value on the right is loaded into the variable on the left
x += y	x = x + y	Addition
x -= y	x = x – y	Subtraction
x *= y	x = x * y	Multiplication
x /= y	x = x / y	Division
x %= y	x = x % y	Modulo

Comparison Operators

What operator we have for comparison? Let’s check it out:

Equality (==)
Inequality (!=)
Identity (===)
Non-identity (!==)
Less than (<) Greater than (>)
Less than or equal to (<=) Greater than or equal to (>=)

Comparison	name	example	Result
==	equality	$x == $y	Returns true if $x is equal to $y
===	identity	$x === $y	Returns true if $x is equal to $y, and they are of the same type
!=	inequality	$x != $y	Returns true if $x is not equal to $y
<>	inequality	$x <> $y	Returns true if $x is not equal to $y
!==	non-identity	$x !== $y	Returns true if $x is not equal to $y, and they are not of the same type
>	greater than	$x > $y	Returns true if $x is greater than $y
<	less than	$x < $y	Returns true if $x is less than $y
>=	greater than or equal to	$x >= $y	Returns true if $x is greater than or equal to $y
<=	less than or equal to	$x <= $y	Returns true if $x is less than or equal to $y

Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine two or more logical expressions.

Logical AND (&& or and)
Logical OR (|| or or)
Logical NOT (!)

operator	name	example	result
and	And	$x and $y	true if both $x and $y are true
or	Or	$x or $y	true if either $x or $y is true
xor	Xor	$x xor $y	true if either $x or $y is true, but not both
&&	And	$x && $y	true if both $x and $y are true
\|\|	Or	$x \|\| $y	true if either $x or $y is true
!	Not	!$x	true if $x is not true

Increment/Decrement Operators

Increment/decrement operators are used to increment or decrement the value of a variable.

Increment (++$variable or $variable++)
Decrement (–$variable or $variable–)

operator	name	description
++$x	Pre-increment	increments $x by 1, then returns $x
$x++	Post-increment	returns $x, then increments $x by 1
–$x	Pre-decrement	decrements $x by 1, then returns $x
$x–	Post-decrement	returns $x, then decrements $x by 1

Operator of execution in PHP

To run a command through PHP in the console, we can use this operator, which is really simple. Let’s say we want to run dir (Windows) or ls (Linux) in the console, to do this we simply put the command in backticks. Let’s see an example:

execution operator

<?php
$output = `dir`;
echo "<pre>$output</pre>";
?>

 El volumen de la unidad C no tiene etiqueta.
 El n�mero de serie del volumen es: D438-52A5

 Directorio de C:\xampp\htdocs\tutorialphp\operadores

31/07/2022  20:11    
          .
31/07/2022  20:11    
          ..
30/07/2022  21:49               381 arrays.php
31/07/2022  20:12                57 ejecucion.php
               2 archivos            438 bytes
               2 dirs  193.331.752.960 bytes libres

String Operators

PHP has 2 operators which were specifically designed for strings.

Operator	Name	Example	Result
.	Concatenation	$txt1 . $txt2	Concatenation of $txt1 and $txt2
.=	Concatenation assignment	$txt1 .= $txt2	Appends $txt2 to $txt1

string concatenation

<?php
$s1 = "hello";
$s2 = "world";
$message = $s1 ." ". $s2;
echo $message;

Array Operators

operator	name	example	result
+	union	$x + $y	creates a union of arrays $x and $y
==	equality	$x == $y	returns true if $x and $y contain the same key/value pairs
===	identity	$x === $y	returns true if $x and $y contain the same key/value pairs in the same order and of the same type
!=	not equal	$x != $y	returns true if $x is not equal to $y
<>	not equal	$x <> $y	returns true if $x is not equal to $y
!==	not identical	$x !== $y	returns true if $x is not identical to $y

example:

Union con +

<?php
$nombres = array("Alicia","Ruben","Clara");
$nombres2 = array("Pamela","Rosario");

$all = [];
$all = $nombres2 + $nombres;

foreach ($all as $element){
	echo $element." ";
}

Keep in mind that the “+” operator creates the union of arrays, which may not be what you are looking for. If you want to merge the arrays, you can use a different approach.

Category: en-php